We will start with planets first, but to form the planet, matter is needed. So first we will discuss how matter is formed in the Universe. It may not be possible to cover all forms of matter present in Universe. So we will discuss only the important ones.
Sand Dust: Refer the picture below, here the big red stars are towards the center of the galaxy, because of which their light (shown by red line) does not reach the edge of the galaxy indicated by the green line.
So the light from the big red star slows down from 3 lakhs km per second to almost 0 and gets converted to sand or dust.
Grey Asteroids: When the sand dust produced from the bigger red stars come close together due to gravity. They slowly fuse into each other to form small rocks. Several small rocks combine to form a very big Grey Asteroid like A1 as shown in picture above. Please note that as the sand is formed in the presence of light, it should have a grey color mostly. But it can be white or black also.
Black Ice: The light from the smaller stars reaches the edge of the galaxy shown with a red line. And as the speed of light decreases as it enters the dark region of the galaxy, the light gets converted to electromagnetic radiation, and then black ice.
Black Rocky Asteroids: Several black ice formed above, fuse into each other due to gravity and form bigger and bigger Black rocky Asteroids like A2 as shown in picture above. It must be clear that the black color in this case is becuase the ice and rocks are formed in absence of light.
Nuclear Fusion: From the picture above we assume that A1 and A2 move such that they are on the path of certain collision. If the relative speed of the A1 and A2 is more than 10,000 km/hour. And the surface area of contact is more than 100 meter square. In that condition all the matter around it will get converted to a super heated state instantly. And they together form matter called as Nuclear Chain BEAD (NCB1). Please note that the it is referred to as a bead just like there are beads in a necklace. It is also a bead which will form a necklace type of structure in future.
Nuclear Fission: It is something that happens immediately after Nuclear Fusion has started. And the heat generated from nuclear fusion emits electromagnetic radiation. This electromagnetic radiation is generated from all the regions of the 100 meter square surface area of collision. However all the radiation is not emitted, part of it is held back by the gravity of the nuclear fusion.
The electromagnetic radiation that is held back near the surface of collision, creates matter again. This matter is fed back to the nuclear fusion to create more electromagnetic radiation.
When this combination of fusion and fission becomes such that it will not extinguish immediately even in an extremely cold universe. And we are confident and it is “NEW” misspelled “NU” and “CLEAR”, we call it nuclear-fusion-fission. New means new matter is formed from the emitted energy(Fission energy) at the same location as it cannot leave the collision site due to very strong gravity. And it is clearly visible from the calculation of the mass of the fusion matter. So we call this a “Nuclear fusion and Nuclear Fission”. Also refer the picture below.
We all must have seen a wooden match stick and its box. The head of the wooden match stick is coated with a material which when rubbed quickly on the side of the match produces fire. Striking a matchstick on a matchbox is also a type of Fusion and Fission. But it is not clear that any matter is formed, from the emission of heat and light by the matchstick.
Let’s say the width of the matchstick box side on which the matchstick is rubbed is 1cm or 10 mm. And the length of the head coating of the match stick is around 3mm. On close observation we would notice that we do not rub the entire 3mm head on the side of the match as it is curved. But only the edge of the head is rubbed, which is say around 0.5 mm.
So if we calculate the % of the section of the head and the side of the match box which are in contact for ignition is (0.5/3)x100=16%
What I want to show here is that, the smaller the “surface area” contact and the faster the speed of the rubbing. The more chances of the stick catching fire instantly. But if we increase the surface area of the head and matchbox side and slow down the speed at which it is rubbed, it will be difficult to ignite it. In the picture below the first collision on the left is similar to matchstick ignition. As the emission/fission energy(shown with red arrows) is more than the very small fusion energy(shown with curved orange arrows).
Nuclear Fusion and Fission take place at the same location and almost same time as well. So we can call them Nuclear-Fusion-Fission also as a single term.
| Fusion-Fission | Nuclear-Fusion-Fission |
| Heat or electric field generated from collision is not strong enough | Heat or electric field generated from collision is very strong and powerful |
| Matter after collision can exist in different states of matter | All matter after collision achieves the same state of super hot matter |
| After collision left over parts are clearly distinguishable | After collision all parts become same so cannot be distinguished |
| Some Matter after collision run away from each other, and some stays back | All the Matter after collision stays at the same place, as the heat/electric field generated is very strong and stops matter from escaping collision site |
| Very small energy is emitted as electromagnetic radiation | Very large energy is emitted as electromagnetic radiation |
| The heat generated from the matter collision cools down after some time | The heat generated from the matter collision is highly likely to be perpetual |
| In the picture above, 4 red arrows (indicate fission enegy) is more than 2 orange arrows (indicating fusion energy) | In the picture above, 4 red arrows (indicate fission enegy) is equal to 4 orange arrows (indicating fusion energy) |
So if a 100 meter square section of the A1 and A2 Asteroid are rubbed against each other at very high speeds, then the heat or electric field generated will have enough power that it will start attracting matter to keep the ignition on and not extinguish(put fire off) even in the extremely cold temperatures.
From the matchstick example, we can make an approximation that if 600m is the diameter of Asteroid, then the contact area of Asteroid can be more than 100m(as it is 16% of 600 aproximately) easily. However a lot depends on the shape of Asteroid also. For example if the Asteroid was a square cube of length of 100m each side. And two such cubes of length 100m strike face to face. Then also Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion will start. Because more than the actual shape and size of the Asteroid, what matters is the speed and surface contact area of asteroids at the instant of collision.
How are planets formed ?
Now the NCB(Nuclear chain Bead) formed above is the base matter or building block which forms the planet core.
Stage 1: Refer the picture above, several Nuclear chain beads are formed like NCB1, NCB2 ……and so on over a period of time in our Universe. As this super hearted NCB attracts things around itself. Several NCBs fuse into each other over a period of several months or years and form a much bigger bead.
NCB1 + NCB2 + NCB3 …. + NCB40 = NCB1-40
So we can say that NCB1-40, is the sum of all the 40 beads that got fused together. Similarly we can think another bead NCB41-80 like below formula.
NCB41 + NCB42 + NCB43 …. + NCB80 = NCB41-80
I have taken number 40 has a rough example, in reality this number could change based on the location at which the planet is formed in the Universe. In the picture above we can see that these 2 main beads NCB1-40 and NCB41-80 are very powerful. As the electric field of the NCB is very strong, due to space-time continuity, it produces a very strong magnetic field at the center, which is denoted by the blue region and it is very cold. They revolve around each other at a distance for some time. We call this stage as the first stage, when planet formation can be seen clearly from the inside and the outside. Please note that the Blue region at the center of this ‘Door-Darshan’ stage is visible and we can collect data from this region. In Hindi “Door” means “Far” and “Darshan” means “Observe or view”. It also resembles the the “doordarshan” television channel logo that is used in India, so for better explanation I used this name also. Moreover, this is the last stage at which we can safely move our machines around this NCB. After this it becomes dangerous to predict its movement and gravity on things around it.
Stage 2: With time, the NCB1-40 and NCB41-80 matter fuse into each other forming a circular ring. After ring formation, the blue region is not visible, eventhough it is present there, and we cannot collect any data of the blue region, as the surface of NCB has a very strong electric field, making the center region Unobservable. So we do not know from here what happens inside the core for sure. But we can make assumptions which can be falsifiable.
Stage 3: As the nuclear chain bead attracts more matter towards it, it slowly changes from a circular shape, into a spherical shape. This sphere of nuclear chain beads is the core of the planet. After the sphere is formed, it was observed from the outside that in a shorter period of time, this sphere expands like a ballon, from which we may conclude that this expansion of the sphere is becuase the blue region(not visible) becomes even more colder and expands space-time even more inside the core. After this the change in the core, expansion is not much and now it starts attracting mostly rocks and dust around it. This layer of rocks and dust form a colder surface of the planet.
What is self-sustainable Nuclear Fusion and Fission ?
It means that once the core becomes spherical, it starts creating matter recurringly inside itself. So if we refer the “Matter and Energy formation” picture above again, on how the matter and asteroids A1 and A2 are created from stars. We can learn that the same process starts happening inside the planet’s core as well. So it is producing matter which is converted to energy, and then the same energy is converted back to matter. And this repeats endlessly. Even if there is no matter input from the outside, the planet core will create and absorb energy infinitely many times before it reaches the stars. And we are probably not wrong in saying that even inside the stars, we have the same self-sustainable nuclear fusion and fission going on endlessly.
In this picure above, we can see that the orange color is the Nuclear Fusion and Fission matter. And it is very thin compared to the whole planet. Outside is a layer of rocks and dust which is cold as the magnetic field cools the surface also just like the inside of the planet.
Also please note that at the exact center of the planet, some people believe that there is a cold region, with temperature suitable for life as well. However this region is Unobservable and Falsifiable. So few questions may arise in your mind.
Can Multiverse or other Universes exist ? Yes
Multi-verse can exist if we extrapolate our knowledge of physics and maths to the center of planet or stars. As inside the planet’s or star’s core also we get similar colder temperatures naturally as we have on earth. And there can be infinitely many such universes like our Universe everywhere. It is also possible that our (observable + unobservable) universe is actually inside a very big planet or star in another space-time.
Is Discovering other Universes meaningful ? No
We still believe that multi-verse is a fantasy as it is impossible to prove its existence for meaningful purposes related to human life. Becuase from extrapolation of our knowledge, lets assume that the time passage difference in seconds is in the range of 100^(-100) inside planets core. And 100^100 outside falsifiable Universe. The last statement does not make any sense as we have applied formulas on a data that we did not calculate but just imagined and is clearly falsifiable. We can only gather data till the door-darshan stage as shown in the baby-planet picture inside the core of the planet. And outside the core we can only observe few hundred stars. So do not waste your valuable time imagining the rest of the Unobservable and falsifiable universe.
How did our Universe form ?
We do not know for sure, and I think we can never find it also in the future. We cannot find the origin of our Observable Universe also despite the fact that we can get accurate data here. It is becuase Observable Universe is a very very small section of the Total Universe. And it is linked to the rest of the Unobservable universe. But we can certainly write fancy stories if you have lot of free time extrapolating data. Like the bing-bang theory. But always remember the truth.
How are stars formed ?
In this blog, we learnt how planets are formed. Now we will discuss how stars are formed. Actually we as a civilization have been able to record the formation of planets but never been able to record the formation of a star from scratch. Becuase the formation of a new star takes millions of years and is Unobserved till now. So we can write about it only based on the existing stars, and how the size of the present stars is increasing.
In the picute above, the blue circle is the newly formed planet. It will be cold from the outside initially and its speed will be high, but as it moves closer to the star, its speed will initially decrease. And it will attract more matter(dust and rocks) towards it. When it reaches the black point as shown in picture, it will reach proximity to the star and there are very high chances that its motion from here on, can easily be predicted. So we say that its locked into the star’s orbit.
With time, the planet gains more weight or mass from the star’s dust as shown with orange color in the picture. And also there are possibilities of it merging/fusing with another similar planet(Not shown in picture). So it keeps becoming bigger and bigger. We can see there are rings formed around it clearly visible from close distances. These rings are made of dust and rocks and it could be either gaining or loosing surface depending on its distance from stars.
Going further, the planet is shown with a red color in the picture, as it reaches very close to the star, and due to the heat from the star. All the surface of the planet, is converted into heat enegy and radiated outside slowly. So we see only the core of the planet and the surface does not exist any more. After this stage, the planet sinks and merges into the Star becoming part of the star itself. So after observing this, we may also conclude that over a period of millions of years thousands or even more number of planets like this are merged into each other at the same location in Universe, such that this location is far-far away from any of the existing stars. And this location, turns the collection of planets into a Star very slowly. Unfortunately till now, we have not been able to find a place in this Universe which is away from the stars, and has an increasing aggregation of planets over the years.
For example, lets assume that in the picture below of ‘Motion of planets’, the top red star S1 is swallowed by the bigger red star SS1 on the right. So the space in Universe where S1 existed, will become vacant. Now planets that are formed at the top-left of this image near the EOG, will move towards either the bigger red star SS1 or S2 only. But as the distance is huge, the planets will collide among themselves, and the process of creation of a “New Star” will begin at the same location, where S1 was located in the past. However this process may take millions or billions of years.
Motion of Planets:
Planets are generally formed around the EOG(Edge of Galaxy). However there can be exceptions to this as well. When a planet is formed, it starts moving towards the closest star slowly. However as there are multiple stars, generally it is not clear which star will most likely attract the planet towards it. If we see the picture above there are 4 possible paths that the blue planet may take during its life time denoted by the dotted brown lines, which are:-
– Blue planet takes the orbit of S1
– Blue planet takes the orbit of S2
– Blue planet takes the orbit of SS1
– Blue planet moves towards COG
So we can see that apart from the 3 visible stars in this picture, there is also a probability that the plant does not get attracted by them. And it may move towards the COG(Center of Galaxy) towards a much much heavier star comparatively(Not shown in picture).
Also the orbit of the planet around the Sun is not circular. It is a spiral. So as it moves towards the closest stars, there is a possibility of “either or” movement of the planet “bit by bit” towards any of the stars or COG. So once it reaches the black square dot where it is locked into the closest star’s orbit. There is no “either or, bit by bit” (orbit) chance of it going anywhere else. And it slowly spirals its way into the Sun on a future date.
Life of planets and stars is also finite just like human life. However as a civilization we may or may not live long enough to to see the death of stars and planets. It is not fixed, but planets live for hundreds or thourands of years along the path shown in the picture. And the small stars fuse into the big stars over a period of miliions or billions of years. Beyond that also big stars form much much bigger stars, for may be 10^100 years, but we cannot observe that part of the universe in space or time. As we are limited by our finite abilities.
In the “motion of planets” it is also very important to note one more thing: If we replace the red stars like (S1, S2, SS1) with planets(P1, P2, PP1) and COG is replaced by the direction towards the Sun. And instead of blue dot planet we assume it to be a space-ship. Then these black square dots help us in finding places where we are not supposed to go, becuase if our space-ship reaches those points, it will spiral into the planet and get destroyed. It is a point of no-return
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